Deleuze, en el primer capítulo de Nietzsche y la Filosofía,1 introduce los recurrentes tópicos en las obras de Nietzsche: las relaciones entre fuerzas, y la voluntad de poder, con el objetivo de cuestionar la presencia de una dialéctica dentro del pensamiento nietzscheano.Pasajes en la obra de Nietzsche, labradores de una interpretación cuestionable acerca de la confrontación de fuerzas –como el apartado “De la superación de sí mismo” en el Así habló Zaratustra2–, donde se usan las palabras «órdenes», «seres obedientes», «juez» (...) y «vengador», hacen que el estudio de Deleuze se dirija por los caminos de una aceptable duda, como lo haría cualquier estudioso minucioso.Deleuze aborda este tema desde la perspectiva propia de un conocedor de Nietzsche como crítico de Hegel, tal como lo muestra la siguiente frase: «No entenderemos bien el conjunto de la obra de Nietzsche si no vemos “contra quién” van dirigidos los principales conceptos. Los temas hegelianos están presentes en esta obra como el enemigo que se combate». (shrink)

José Luis Bermúdez ha defendido una explicación no-circular de la autoconciencia en virtud de contenidos no-conceptuales de primera persona, explicativa y ontogenéticamente básicos. En este artículo se argumenta que los contenidos no-conceptuales explicativamente básicos caen en el mito de lo Dado; mientras que los contenidos no-conceptuales ontogenéticamente básicos, aunque lo evitan, no constituyen la mejor explicación de la adquisición de capacidades cognitivas.

Este artículo explora la digitalización de las sociedades democráticas tardomodernas como una de las realizaciones del programa neoliberal que trabaja en la conformación de nuevas subjetividades. En esta labor el imperativo tecnológico es fundamental porque tiende a convertirse en fuente exclusiva de normatividad. Sus consecuencias son la fragmentación de la experiencia, la quiebra de las identidades, la disrupción y el desvío del deseo de comunidad. Para evitarlas, se apunta cuál puede ser el procedimiento para la construcción de una subjetividad alternativa (...) de tipo democrático-emancipatorio que diverja de los procesos de subjetivación ligados a la digitalización neoliberal. En la realización de esta tarea se recurre a filósofas y filósofos de tradiciones diversas. (shrink)

Background Paternalism/overprotection limits communication between healthcare professionals and patients and does not promote shared therapeutic decision-making. In the global north, communication patterns have been regulated to promote autonomy, whereas in the global south, they reflect the physician’s personal choices. The goal of this study was to contribute to knowledge on the communication patterns used in clinical practice in Mexico and to identify the determinants that favour a doctor–patient relationship characterized by low paternalism/autonomy. Methods A self-report study on communication patterns in (...) a sample of 761 mental healthcare professionals in Central and Western Mexico was conducted. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were used to analyse paternalism and associated factors. Results A high prevalence of paternalism was observed among mental health professionals in Mexico. The main determinants of low paternalism/autonomy were medical specialty and gender, with female physicians being more likely to explicitly share diagnoses and therapeutic strategies with patients and their families. A pattern of highly explicit communication was strongly associated with low paternalism/autonomy. Finally, a modifying effect of age strata on the association between communication pattern or specialty and low paternalism/autonomy was observed. Conclusions Among mental health professionals in Mexico, high paternalism prevailed. Gender, specialty, and a pattern of open communication were closely associated with low paternalism/autonomy. Strengthening health professionals’ competencies and promoting explicit communication could contribute to the transition towards more autonomist communication in clinical practice in Mexico. The ethical implications will need to be resolved in the near future. (shrink)

The large number of sensors and actuators that make up the Internet of Things obliges these systems to use diverse technologies and protocols. This means that IoT networks are more heterogeneous than traditional networks. This gives rise to new challenges in cybersecurity to protect these systems and devices which are characterized by being connected continuously to the Internet. Intrusion detection systems are used to protect IoT systems from the various anomalies and attacks at the network level. Intrusion Detection Systems can (...) be improved through machine learning techniques. Our work focuses on creating classification models that can feed an IDS using a dataset containing frames under attacks of an IoT system that uses the MQTT protocol. We have addressed two types of method for classifying the attacks, ensemble methods and deep learning models, more specifically recurrent networks with very satisfactory results. (shrink)

Descripción de las diferentes secciones de este volumen de la Revista, que se publica en el 80 cumpleaños del Prof. Leonardo Polo. Los habituales artículos sobre su pensamiento están precedidos por la publicación de los Discursos pronunciados en el Acto Académico de Homenaje que se le tributó en 1996; se recogen asimismo dos textos del propio Polo y un extenso trabajo del Prof. Juan García, sobre todas las publicaciones de y sobre Polo hasta esta fecha.

The article analyzes the four novels that Ángel García Ronda, politician and writer, has dedicated to ETA and to the situation experienced in the Basque Country as a result of terrorism. He is an important author for the knowledge of terrorism in literature, for the following reasons: his condition as born in San Sebastián in 1939, where he has lived all his life, the performance of positions in the Spanish Socialist Workers Party and in the Socialist Party from (...) Euskadi, having carried an escort for two decades, having suffered the murder of friends and acquaintances and, consequently, having extensive experience, public and private, of what happened in the Basque Country. We attend to the genesis, contents, intentionality and historicity of the tetralogy that the author has baptized as Áspera memoria. (shrink)

It is sometimes claimed that we perceive people’s mental states in their expressive features. This paper clarifies the claim by contrasting two possible readings, depending on whether expression is conceived relationally or non-relationally. A crucial difference between both readings is that only a non-relational conception of expression ensures direct access to other minds. The paper offers an argument for a non-relational conception of expression, and therefore for the view that we directly perceive people’s mental states in their expressive features.

This paper defends a Wittgenstein-inspired conception of the nature of mind and self-knowledge. Thus, it is claimed that the mind is to be conceived as expressive behaviour; and that knowledge of one’s own mind is not to be thought of as a matter of first-person access, i.e. a special sort of access available to oneself alone, but rather as a matter of ordinary access, similar to other people’s. It is also argued that this conception does not undermine the distinctness of (...) the first-person perspective, including the asymmetry with the third-person perspective, which should be construed semantically, rather than epistemically. As a result, an alternative to contemporary conceptions of mind and self-knowledge is provided. (shrink)

Volume 33, Issue 8, November 2020, Page 1185-1203.

El artículo estudia la tercera y última confrontación con el Tratado de la libertad de Schelling que Heidegger sostuvo en 1941. El objetivo consiste en explicar el contexto del problema del acabamiento de la metafísica del idealismo alemán, para analizar la posición que tiene Heidegger de las nociones de diferencia y voluntad forjadas por la filosofía tardía de Schelling; de esta manera, a partir del abismo de la voluntad se muestra la intersección entre la filosofía de la libertad de Schelling (...) y la ontología del evento de Heidegger. (shrink)

A partir de la ontología de fuerzas de Nietzsche, en el presente escrito buscaremos convergencias entre dos conceptos clave de dos pensadores fundamentales del siglo XX. Por un lado, el pensamiento en Gilles Deleuze; por otro, la nada en Heidegger. Nuestro objetivo es imbricarlos y enarbolarlos para luchar contra el nihilismo. Por tanto, en primer momento presentaremos la ontología de fuerzas de Nietzsche; después, en torno al sentido de las fuerzas, estudiaremos la voluntad de poder y el nihilismo, reformulando los (...) dos sentidos clásicos nietzscheanos. A continuación, siempre en el marco de la ontología de fuerzas, daremos paso al estudio de la nada en Heidegger y del pensamiento deleuziano. Finalmente, antes de las conclusiones, uniremos pensamiento y nada usando los animales heráldicos de Nietzsche, esto es: la serpiente y el águila, respectivamente. (shrink)

According to expressivism about avowals, the meaning of typical self-ascriptions of mental states is a matter of expressing an attitude, rather than describing a state of affairs. Traditionally, expressivism has been glossed as the view that, qua expressions, avowals are not truth-evaluable. Contemporary neoexpressivists like Finkelstein and Bar-On have argued that avowals are expressions, and truth-evaluable besides . In contrast, this paper provides a defence of the view that avowals are, qua expressions, truth-evaluable. This defence is based on an argument (...) from disagreement, to the effect that an adequate explanation of the existence of disagreement involving both cases of avowals and cases of nonlinguistic expression (like winces) supports a view according to which genuine (sincere, truthful) expression is what truth amounts to in avowals. (shrink)

This paper claims that we have direct and complete perceptual access to other people’s emotions in their bodily and behavioural expression. The claim is understood, not by analogy with the perception of three-dimensional objects or physical processes, but as a form of Gestalt perception. In addition, talk of direct perceptual access to others’ emotions is shown not to entail a behaviourist view of mind; and talk of complete perceptual access is shown to include both the phenomenological character and the dispositional (...) nature of emotions. (shrink)

There is a recent popular reconstruction of Wittgenstein's thinking about animal minds, according to which animals and humans share a set of expressive abilities, prior to, and independent of, the onset of linguistic-cum-conceptual abilities; a reconstruction that in turn entails a duality of expression and linguistic-cum-conceptual abilities, in adult humans. This paper contends that the reconstruction is implausible and at odds with Wittgenstein's thinking, regarding both the developing minds of children and the minds of non-linguistic animals. Instead, it argues that (...) Wittgenstein's thinking is shaped by an anthropological outlook, according to which linguistic abilities signal the existence of a distinctive human form of life, within which animals do not belong, but into which children are progressively introduced. As a result, there is neither a shared set of expressive abilities in animals, children and adult humans; nor a duality of expression and linguistic-cum-conceptual abilities in humans. (shrink)

A central feature in contemporary discussions of selfknowledge concerns the epistemic status of mental selfascriptions, such as “I have toothache” or “I believe that p”. The overall project of such discussions is to provide an account of the special status of mental self-ascriptions vis-à-vis other knowledge-claims, including ascriptions of mental states to others. In this respect, two approaches have gained currency in contemporary philosophy. Some authors have focused on the notion of expression, stressing that self-ascriptions are expressions of one’s mental (...) life; whereas others have singled out the notion of transparency as crucial, since self-knowledge involves self-beliefs, and the latter are transparent to one’s available evidence. This critical notice explores one instance of each approach, in order to assess their prospects of success. It concludes that both approaches fail to articulate an account that satisfactorily accommodates the first-person component in the notion of self-knowledge. (shrink)

Pure virtue epistemology faces the fake barn challenge. This paper explains how it can be met. Thus, it is argued that the thought experiment contains a hidden ambiguity concerning the visual ability typically ascribed to, or denied, fake barn subjects. Disambiguation shows fake barn subjects to have limited knowledge of the target proposition. This accords with a pure virtue-theoretic conception of knowledge that predicts and explains all the intuitions elicited by the thought experiment. As a result, the relationship between knowledge, (...) luck and ability is illuminated, and our epistemological theorizing improved. (shrink)

The idea of perspectivity has been explained in terms of the notion of an egocentric map of the world. This egocentric map includes not only perceptual abilities (Evans), but also abilities regarding the active engagement of the subject in the world (Brewer). Now, the explanation of the egocentric-cum-active abilities map cannot be the agent's body, Rather, such an explanation should be sensitive to the agents intentions and the context of active engagement in the world.

Peacocke's explanation of the first-person concept provides non-circu/ar possession conditions for such a concept, accommodating two different constraints: the noncircularity requirement and Evans's Thesis. In this paper, it is argued that Peacocke's explanation faces some difficulties: on the one hand, it appears unable to meet a serious objection facing the non-circularity requirement; on the other hand, it misunderstands the constitutive constraints imposed by Evans's Thesis on a correct account of the first person.

This article takes as its starting-point that a viable account of concept acquisition must be ontogenetically sound, and analyses in detail two alternative accounts of concept acquisition, one conceptualist and the other non-conceptualist, concluding that the conceptualist account is to be preferred.

El artículo presenta los debates generados en la prensa española sobre la presunta descolonización de los museos estatales, una idea presentada en público por el director de un museo nacional en octubre de 2022, pero negada desde el ministerio. Se comentan las reflexiones y actuaciones desarrolladas por el ámbito académico y el activismo político en torno a esa misma idea y se comentan las iniciativas llevadas a cabo por los dos principales museos antropológicos del país: el Museo Nacional de Antropología (...) (Madrid) y el Museu Etnològic i de Cultures del Món (Barcelona). El texto concluye con sendas propuestas de futuro sobre el MNA. (shrink)

Desde el marco del llamado giro espacial, el presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los diferentes espacios en la filosofía de Foucault. Nos centraremos en el estudio del emplazamiento y sus principales consecuencias políticas. Tomaremos diferentes conceptos foucaultianos, como el de utopía-heterotopía y llevaremos su crítica hasta el capitalismo actual. Nuestro principal objetivo es el desvelamiento de todo sistema impositivo de corte autoritario y la construcción de espacios verdaderamente democráticos, siempre en busca de modos de habitar activos.

En este artículo hacemos un estudio analítico de la teoría del razonamiento defectible (o no monótono) atendiendo tanto a cuestiones de orden epistémico como metodológico. El razonamiento defectible es un tipo de razonamiento que está basado sobre la construcción de argumentos no lineales. Esto es, a lo largo de un proceso de razonamiento la introducción de nuevos supuestos en los argumentos puede llegar a retractar las conclusiones inferidas. Además, el razonamiento del sentido común que trabaja con deducciones es bidireccional, en (...) el sentido que no sólo opera desde las premisas a la conclusión (hacia adelante), sino también desde la conclusión a las premisas (hacia atrás). Los sistemas de razonamiento que combinan ambos tipos de razonamiento se dice que son dirigidos a intereses. Que un agente esté interesado en conocer el status de una proposición determinada exige que éste sea capaz de discernir entre razonamiento teórico (razonamiento acerca de qué creencias poseer) y razonamiento práctico (razonamiento acerca de qué acciones llevar a cabo). Una cuestión en la modelización del razonamiento ordinario es establecer una distinción entre teorías de la justificación y teorías de la garantía. Aquellas proposiciones que estén soportadas por algún argumento no derrotado en algún estadio de la computación para una situación epistémica concreta, se dirá que están justificadas, sin estar necesariamente garantizadas. Las proposiciones garantizadas son aquellas que deberían estar justificadas `a largo plazo', en el caso de que el sistema de razonamiento fuera capaz de llevar a cabo todo el razonamiento relevante posible. Sin embargo, veremos que una vez que una proposición resulte estar justificada, es razonable aceptarla provisionalmente y actuar sobre ella. (shrink)